So how do mRNA vaccines work, exactly? How the vaccines workĪll of the Covid-19 vaccines approved in the UK work by presenting a single protein that appears on the surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus – known as the ‘spike protein’ – to the body’s immune system. Once the protein is made, the mRNA gets broken down. The mRNA travels out of the cell nucleus to be used as a template to make a protein.
This is known as a messenger RNA (mRNA) – the type used in the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. When a gene is expressed, it is copied into RNA. While our genetic information is stored as DNA in the cell nucleus, RNA acts as an intermediary, allowing the genes to be expressed. RNA is closely related to DNA and performs different but equally important functions. Read on as we break down the science to find the truth behind the myth. Some people are promoting the idea that RNA-based vaccines – including the UK-approved Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines – are a form of gene therapy, but this isn’t accurate. We bust another Covid-19 myth – this time about how mRNA vaccines work – in our latest blog postĪs people in the UK continue to receive Covid-19 vaccines, the subject of how and why they work is being widely discussed online.
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